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Di dalam kalimat inversion (inverse/pembalikan) kata kerja utama ataupun kata kerja bantu berada sebelum subjek. Ada dua tipe umum inversion:
1. Subject-verb Inversion
- Best of all would be to get a job in Willingham.
- On long wall hung a row of van Goghs.
- Then came the turning point of the match.
- Here comes the first question.
- There is the dog. Call the dog.
- Down came the rain.
- There’s your sister.
Main/Auxiliary Verb + Subject |
2. Subject-Operator Inversion
- Not before in our history have so many strong influences united to produce so large a disaster.
- Never again did I think of disobedience.
- On no account must he strain.
- So badly was he affected that he had to be taught to speak again.
- Is the weather improving?
- Not a word did he say
Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb |
Perhatikan penggunaan so, such, neither, dan nor. - She hadn’t known much about life, nor had he.
- As infections increased in woman, so did infections in their babies.
- Such is the gravity of the situation that it has already sparked an international incident.I do not want to go, neither does Ali.
Bentuk-bentuk inversion:
1. Kalimat Pertanyaan (Questions) - Have you finished your paper?
- Where is the concert taking place?
Perhatikan: I wondered how reliable was the information I had been given.
2. Setelah Ekspresi Kata Keterangan Tempat (Place or Direction Expressions) - In an arm chair sat his mother. (BUKAN
In an arm chair sat she.) - Under a tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
- Directly in front of them stood a great castle.
- In the forest are many exotic birds.
- In the forest I walked for many hours. (Tidak butuh diinversi; KK tempat nya bisa dihilangkan)
- Here comes Freddy! (dalam percakapan)
- There goes your brother. (dalam percakapan)
- Nowhere have I seen such beautiful weather.
Jika subjek sebuah kata ganti (pronoun): Here she comes. (BUKAN Here comes she.)
3. Kalimat Pengandaian (Conditional Sentences) - I would help you
if I were in a position to help. - I would help you were I in a position to help. (inversion; kata if dihilangkan)
-
If he had asked, I would have been able to help. - Had he asked, I would have been able to help. (inversion)
-
If you should arrive before six, just give me a call. - Should you arrive before six, just give me a call. (inversion)
Dalam kasus ini, kata negatif tidak di singkat: Had he not resigned, we would have beenforced to sack him.(BUKAN Hadn't he...) Had we not spent all our money already … (BUKAN Hadn’t we spent …)
4. Kalimat Perbandingan (Comparisons: As dan Than) - My sister spends more hours in the office than John.
- My sister spends more hours in the office than John does.
- My sister spends more hours in the office than does John. (inversion)
- She was very religious, as most of her friends were.
- She was very religious, as were most of her friends. (inversion)
Inversion tidak digunakan ketika subjeknya berupa kata ganti orang (pronoun)
5. Kata-Kata Bermakna Negative (Negative Expressions)
- I have never seen it.
- Never have I seen it. (inversion)
- He did not say a word.
- Not a word did he say. (inversion)
- I seldom sleep during the day.
- Seldom do I sleep during the day.
- Much have I learned from him. (much: tidak sedikit).
- I do not want to go, and neither does Tom.
- Sheila did not arrive late for work, nor did she leave
Negative + Auxiliary Verb + Subject |
Kata negative lainnya: never, seldom, rarely, little, few, not a, not only, only later, only then, only if, not once, hardly ever, scarcely ever, barely ever, much, in no other way, under/in no circumstances, nor, neither. Not far dan not long tidak digunakan dalam inversion.
6. So + adjective… that; Such + be… that - Her business was so successful that Marie was able to retire at the age of 50.
- So successful was her business that Marie was able to retire at the age of 50. (inversion)
- The weather conditions became so dangerous that all mountain roads were closed.
- So dangerous did weather conditions become that all mountain roads were closed. (inversion)
- The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
- Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
7. Dalam permohonan (Wishes: May) - May all your wishes come true!
- May Allah bless you!
8. Story-telling - “What do you mean?” asked Henry.
- “I love you” Whispered Jan.
Jika subjek sebuah pronoun: “What do you mean?” he asked.
Reference:
- Azhar, Arsyad. 1987. Mastering Modern English Structure. Ujungpandang: AMA Press.
- Biber Douglas & Susan Conrad, Geoffrey Leech. 2003. Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. England: Logman.
- Leech, Geoffrey. 2006. A Glossary of English Grammar. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Hewings, Martin. 2002. Advanced Grammar in Use. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Philips, 2000. Deborah. Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test. Longman.
- Swan, Michael. 2009. Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sumber https://englishahkam.blogspot.com/
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